The Collapse of a Political System When Julius Caesar departed North Africa in April 46 BCE after his decisive victory […]
The Long-Awaited Celebration of a Conqueror At 54 years old, Julius Caesar finally experienced Rome’s highest honor—a triumph—for the first […]
The Road to Thapsus: Caesar’s Civil War Reaches Africa By April 46 BC, Julius Caesar’s civil war against the Optimates […]
Two Types of Commanders: The Calculated and the Audacious Military history presents us with two archetypes of commanders. The first, […]
The Challenge of Victory: Managing Soldiers After War For military leaders throughout history, the aftermath of battle presents unique challenges. […]
The Rise of a “New Man” in Republican Rome Marcus Tullius Cicero embodied the paradox of Rome’s late Republic—a brilliant […]
The Strategic Voyage: From Alexandria to Ptolemais Akko In 48 BCE, following his decisive victory over Pompey at Pharsalus, Julius […]
The Powder Keg of Ptolemaic Egypt In 48 BCE, the Mediterranean world watched as Rome’s civil war spilled into Egypt’s […]
The Prelude to a Political Earthquake In October 48 BCE, Julius Caesar stood on the shores of Alexandria, holding the […]
The Fall of a Roman Titan On September 28, 48 BCE, the once-mighty Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus, known as Pompey the […]
The Road to Pharsalus and Pompey’s Flight The Battle of Pharsalus in 48 BCE marked a decisive turning point in […]
The Prelude to Civil War The Battle of Pharsalus, fought in August 48 BCE, was the climactic confrontation of Rome’s […]
The Stage for a Clash of Titans The plains of Pharsalus, nestled in northern Greece near the southern edge of […]
Two Campaigns, Two Narratives Julius Caesar’s Commentarii de Bello Gallico (Gallic Wars) and Commentarii de Bello Civili (Civil War) stand […]
The Clash of Titans: Rome’s Civil War Reaches Greece In the summer of 48 BCE, the Roman Republic was tearing […]
The Rise of Caesar’s Gallic Cavalry During the Gallic Wars (58–50 BCE), Julius Caesar’s forces included elite Gallic cavalrymen, many […]
The Prelude to Civil War The year was 48 BCE, and the Roman Republic was embroiled in a brutal civil […]
The Backdrop of Caesar’s Gambit in Greece The Roman Civil War (49–45 BCE) between Julius Caesar and Pompey the Great […]
The Stage Is Set: Rome’s Civil War Reaches a Critical Juncture As December 22, 49 BCE dawned over Brundisium’s frost-rimmed […]
The Rise of Caesar: From Gallic Wars to Dictatorship Julius Caesar’s political and military career reached a pivotal moment following […]
The Powder Keg of Legions: Rome’s Military Culture The incident at Placentia in 49 BCE revealed fundamental tensions within Roman […]
The Strategic Stalemate in Spain In the sweltering summer of 49 BCE, Julius Caesar faced one of the most delicate […]
