The late 19th century was a period of profound crisis for the Qing Dynasty. Military defeats, internal corruption, and the […]
The Road to Conflict: Origins of the First Sino-Japanese War The tensions that culminated in the Treaty of Shimonoseki (April […]
A Diplomat in Peril: The Incident at Shimonoseki On a tense spring day in 1895, Chinese statesman Li Hongzhang—the Qing […]
The Crumbling Frontlines: Qing’s Military Collapse In the bitter winter of 1895, the Qing Dynasty faced irreversible military disaster in […]
The Historical Backdrop of Conflict The 1895 meeting between Chinese statesman Li Hongzhang and Japanese Prime Minister Ito Hirobumi in […]
The Weight of a Crumbling Empire In the winter of 1895, the Qing Dynasty stood at the edge of an […]
The Prelude to a Doomed Negotiation In the bitter winter of 1895, as the First Sino-Japanese War raged on, the […]
The Roots of Discontent in Joseon Korea The late 19th century found Korea’s Joseon Dynasty caught between tradition and modernization […]
The Strategic Crossroads of the Sino-Japanese War As winter descended upon the Liaodong Peninsula in November 1894, Field Marshal Yamagata […]
The Strategic Importance of Lüshun Lüshun (known in Western accounts as Port Arthur) stood as one of the most fortified […]
The Strategic Importance of Lüshun Lüshun, located at the southern tip of the Liaodong Peninsula, served as a crucial corridor […]
The Gathering Storm: Origins of the First Sino-Japanese War The late 19th century was a period of profound transformation in […]
The Roots of Regional Factionalism in Joseon Korea Long before the 19th century, Korean society had been deeply influenced by […]
The Desperate Telegram That Shook Shenyang In the waning days of the eighth lunar month, 1894, Yuan Shikai—then a rising […]
The Rise and Flaws of China’s First Modern Navy In the late 19th century, the Qing Dynasty faced mounting pressure […]
The Strategic Relocation to Hiroshima On September 8, 1894, Imperial Japan’s military headquarters—the Daihon’ei—moved from Tokyo to Hiroshima. This decision, […]
A Powder Keg of Discontent Among Qing Troops In the summer of 1894, as tensions between China and Japan escalated […]
A Nation Divided Against Itself The late 19th century presented a Qing Dynasty riven by ethnic tensions and political factionalism. […]
The Crumbling Legacy of the Huai Army By the 1890s, the once-formidable Huai Army—founded by Li Hongzhang four decades earlier […]
The Road to War: Rising Tensions in East Asia The late 19th century witnessed a dramatic shift in East Asian […]
The Spark That Ignited the First Sino-Japanese War On July 28, 1894, three days after the naval engagement, news of […]
The Gathering Storm: Imperial Rivalries in Late 19th-Century East Asia The final decade of the 19th century witnessed a dramatic […]
