The late 19th century was a period of profound crisis for the Qing Dynasty. Military defeats, internal corruption, and the […]
The Road to Conflict: Origins of the First Sino-Japanese War The tensions that culminated in the Treaty of Shimonoseki (April […]
A Diplomat in Peril: The Incident at Shimonoseki On a tense spring day in 1895, Chinese statesman Li Hongzhang—the Qing […]
The Crumbling Frontlines: Qing’s Military Collapse In the bitter winter of 1895, the Qing Dynasty faced irreversible military disaster in […]
The Historical Backdrop of Conflict The 1895 meeting between Chinese statesman Li Hongzhang and Japanese Prime Minister Ito Hirobumi in […]
The Weight of a Crumbling Empire In the winter of 1895, the Qing Dynasty stood at the edge of an […]
The Prelude to a Doomed Negotiation In the bitter winter of 1895, as the First Sino-Japanese War raged on, the […]
The Roots of Discontent in Joseon Korea The late 19th century found Korea’s Joseon Dynasty caught between tradition and modernization […]
The Strategic Crossroads of the Sino-Japanese War As winter descended upon the Liaodong Peninsula in November 1894, Field Marshal Yamagata […]
The Strategic Importance of Lüshun Lüshun (known in Western accounts as Port Arthur) stood as one of the most fortified […]