The Aging Emperor and His Heirs In 5 BCE, the 58-year-old Augustus faced an urgent dilemma. His eldest grandson, Gaius […]
The Dawn of the Pax Romana In January of 9 BCE, under crisp winter skies, Rome celebrated the completion of […]
The Birth of Geopolitical Strategy in Ancient Rome Though the term “geopolitics” emerged in the 20th century, its principles were […]
The Rise of Augustus and the Illusion of Republican Restoration When Octavian, later known as Augustus, emerged as Rome’s sole […]
The Origins of Civic Duty in Classical Antiquity The ancient Greeks and Romans defined citizenship not merely as a legal […]
The Alpine Crossroads: Rome’s Gateway to Gaul For ancient Rome, the Alps were both a formidable barrier and a vital […]
The Turbulent Backdrop of Rome’s Power Struggles Rome in the 1st century BCE was a republic in crisis. The bloody […]
The Fall of the Ptolemies and Rome’s Unique Acquisition When Rome absorbed Egypt after Cleopatra VII’s defeat in 30 BCE, […]
The Cultural Fault Line Between Syria and Judea In the first century BCE, the Roman province of Syria and the […]
The Crossroads of Empires: Galatia in the Roman World In the rugged highlands of central Anatolia, the region known to […]
The Origins of Rome’s Human Database In the bustling streets of ancient Rome, where political fortunes were made and broken […]
The Stage Is Set: Rome’s Electoral Tradition In 23 BCE, as Rome prepared for its annual consular elections, the political […]
The Republican Foundations of Roman Taxation The establishment of the imperial tax collector position represents one of Augustus’s most significant […]
The Shifting Priorities of Rome: From Republic to Empire The concept of security—rooted in the Latin securitas—was not new to […]
The Prelude to Actium: Rome’s Civil Wars and Rivalry The Battle of Actium in 31 BCE was not merely a […]
The Last Days of a Doomed Alliance In the spring of 30 BCE, the Mediterranean world stood at a crossroads. […]
The Fall of the Republic and the Rise of the Triumvirs The Battle of Actium in 31 BCE was not […]
The Rise of a Doomed Romance The relationship between Mark Antony and Cleopatra VII of Egypt stands as one of […]
From Heir to Statesman: Octavian’s Unlikely Ascent When Julius Caesar named his 17-year-old grandnephew Octavian as heir in his will, […]
The Death of Caesar and the Seeds of Conflict The assassination of Julius Caesar on the Ides of March (March […]
The Fragile Republic and the Shadow of Caesar The late Roman Republic was a period of political turmoil, military ambition, […]
The Storm Clouds Gather Over Rome The year 44 BCE marked a turning point in Roman history. Julius Caesar lay […]
