The Origins of China’s Reform Movement The late 19th century marked a period of crisis for China’s Qing Dynasty. Following […]
The Seeds of Change: Origins of Reformist Thought The late 19th century in China witnessed the emergence of a transformative […]
The Dawn of China’s Industrial Revolution The period between 1895 and 1913 marked a transformative era in China’s economic history, […]
Introduction: A Dynasty at the Crossroads In the twilight years of the Qing dynasty (1644-1912), China embarked on an unprecedented […]
The Decline of the Imperial Examination System For over a millennium, China’s imperial examination system (科举制度) had been the cornerstone […]
Introduction: The Last Decade of Reform In the twilight years of the Qing dynasty, between 1901 and 1911, China underwent […]
The Prelude to Conflict: Imperialist Rivalry in Manchuria The signing of the Boxer Protocol in 1901 marked a temporary stabilization […]
The Geopolitical Chessboard of Late Qing China The final decade of the 19th century witnessed a dramatic shift in imperial […]
The Gathering Storm: Imperialist Ambitions in Late 19th Century East Asia The late 19th century witnessed the transformation of Western […]
The Roots of French Imperialism in Indochina The story of France’s colonial foothold in Southeast Asia begins much earlier than […]
The American Designs on Taiwan and the Origins of Foreign Aggression In 1857, American diplomat Peter Parker sent a secret […]
A Princely Birth in the Mansion of Prince Chun On June 28, 1871 (the 28th day of the 6th lunar […]
The Rise and Rivalry of Prince Gong The political landscape of Qing China in the 1860s was dominated by two […]
The Foundations of Modern Industry in Late Qing China The latter half of the 19th century witnessed the painful birth […]
The Collapse of China’s Cotton Textile Handicraft Industry The 1860s marked a turning point for China’s centuries-old economic structure when […]
Introduction: The Self-Strengthening Movement’s Arsenal Initiative During the tumultuous period between 1865 and 1890, China’s Self-Strengthening Movement embarked on an […]
The Humble Origins of a Future Empress Yehenara Xingzhen, later known as Empress Dowager Cixi, was born into the Manchu […]
Fraternal Rivalry and Court Factions in the Xianfeng Era The tumultuous reign of Emperor Xianfeng (1850-1861) witnessed one of the […]
The Roots of Conflict: Trade Imbalance and Imperial Ambitions The mid-19th century witnessed a dramatic clash between China’s traditional world […]
The Rise and Fracture of the Heavenly Kingdom The Taiping Rebellion (1850–1864) began as a radical uprising against the Qing […]
The Rise of Hong Xiuquan and the God Worshippers Society In the early 19th century, China under the Qing dynasty […]
The Collapse of Traditional Forces and the Birth of a New Army In the wake of the devastating Taiping Rebellion […]
