The Historical Context of Late Qing Literary Movements The late Qing Dynasty (1840-1912) witnessed unprecedented social upheaval and intellectual transformation […]
Introduction: A Society in Transition The economic landscape of 19th century China witnessed a remarkable intellectual ferment as traditional Confucian […]
Introduction: A Time of Intellectual Ferment The late Qing Dynasty (1840-1912) witnessed an extraordinary transformation in Chinese philosophical thought as […]
The Awakening of Scientific Thought in a Changing Empire The mid-19th century marked a pivotal transition in China’s scientific development […]
The Roots of Anti-Foreign Sentiment in Late Qing China The Boxer Rebellion of 1900 emerged from decades of growing Chinese […]
The Origins of China’s Reform Movement The late 19th century marked a period of crisis for China’s Qing Dynasty. Following […]
The Seeds of Change: Origins of Reformist Thought The late 19th century in China witnessed the emergence of a transformative […]
The Dawn of China’s Industrial Revolution The period between 1895 and 1913 marked a transformative era in China’s economic history, […]
Introduction: A Dynasty at the Crossroads In the twilight years of the Qing dynasty (1644-1912), China embarked on an unprecedented […]
The Decline of the Imperial Examination System For over a millennium, China’s imperial examination system (科举制度) had been the cornerstone […]
Introduction: The Last Decade of Reform In the twilight years of the Qing dynasty, between 1901 and 1911, China underwent […]
The Prelude to Conflict: Imperialist Rivalry in Manchuria The signing of the Boxer Protocol in 1901 marked a temporary stabilization […]
The Geopolitical Chessboard of Late Qing China The final decade of the 19th century witnessed a dramatic shift in imperial […]
The Gathering Storm: Imperialist Ambitions in Late 19th Century East Asia The late 19th century witnessed the transformation of Western […]
The Roots of French Imperialism in Indochina The story of France’s colonial foothold in Southeast Asia begins much earlier than […]
The American Designs on Taiwan and the Origins of Foreign Aggression In 1857, American diplomat Peter Parker sent a secret […]
A Princely Birth in the Mansion of Prince Chun On June 28, 1871 (the 28th day of the 6th lunar […]
The Rise and Rivalry of Prince Gong The political landscape of Qing China in the 1860s was dominated by two […]
The Foundations of Modern Industry in Late Qing China The latter half of the 19th century witnessed the painful birth […]
The Collapse of China’s Cotton Textile Handicraft Industry The 1860s marked a turning point for China’s centuries-old economic structure when […]
Introduction: The Self-Strengthening Movement’s Arsenal Initiative During the tumultuous period between 1865 and 1890, China’s Self-Strengthening Movement embarked on an […]
The Humble Origins of a Future Empress Yehenara Xingzhen, later known as Empress Dowager Cixi, was born into the Manchu […]
