The Prelude to Actium: Rome’s Civil Wars and Rivalry The Battle of Actium in 31 BCE was not merely a […]
The Last Days of a Doomed Alliance In the spring of 30 BCE, the Mediterranean world stood at a crossroads. […]
The Fall of the Republic and the Rise of the Triumvirs The Battle of Actium in 31 BCE was not […]
The Rise of a Doomed Romance The relationship between Mark Antony and Cleopatra VII of Egypt stands as one of […]
From Heir to Statesman: Octavian’s Unlikely Ascent When Julius Caesar named his 17-year-old grandnephew Octavian as heir in his will, […]
The Death of Caesar and the Seeds of Conflict The assassination of Julius Caesar on the Ides of March (March […]
The Fragile Republic and the Shadow of Caesar The late Roman Republic was a period of political turmoil, military ambition, […]
The Storm Clouds Gather Over Rome The year 44 BCE marked a turning point in Roman history. Julius Caesar lay […]
The Gathering Storm in Lanuvium In the turbulent months following Julius Caesar’s assassination on the Ides of March (March 15, […]
A Fateful Inheritance: The Making of a Future Emperor In the autumn of 45 BCE, a young man named Octavian […]
The Ides of March and Its Immediate Consequences On March 15, 44 BCE, Julius Caesar, the dictator perpetuo of Rome, […]
The Making of a Conspirator: Marcus Brutus and His Contradictions Marcus Junius Brutus emerged from one of Rome’s most politically […]
The Political Storm After Caesar’s Death The assassination of Julius Caesar on March 15, 44 BCE, sent shockwaves through Rome, […]
The Fall of the Republic and Cicero’s Diminishing Role In the waning years of the Roman Republic, Marcus Tullius Cicero—once […]
The Collapse of a Political System When Julius Caesar departed North Africa in April 46 BCE after his decisive victory […]
The Long-Awaited Celebration of a Conqueror At 54 years old, Julius Caesar finally experienced Rome’s highest honor—a triumph—for the first […]
The Road to Thapsus: Caesar’s Civil War Reaches Africa By April 46 BC, Julius Caesar’s civil war against the Optimates […]
Two Types of Commanders: The Calculated and the Audacious Military history presents us with two archetypes of commanders. The first, […]
The Challenge of Victory: Managing Soldiers After War For military leaders throughout history, the aftermath of battle presents unique challenges. […]
The Rise of a “New Man” in Republican Rome Marcus Tullius Cicero embodied the paradox of Rome’s late Republic—a brilliant […]
The Strategic Voyage: From Alexandria to Ptolemais Akko In 48 BCE, following his decisive victory over Pompey at Pharsalus, Julius […]
The Powder Keg of Ptolemaic Egypt In 48 BCE, the Mediterranean world watched as Rome’s civil war spilled into Egypt’s […]
